Other Law Fields

 
The experienced Legal Eagle group provide your good-self a confidential, efficient and unrivalled service(s) in all spheres of law i.e. Land, Civil litigations, Civil Rights, Tenancy i.e. East Punjab Urban Rant Restriction Act (for NRIs), Inheritance, Adoption, Dowry, Matrimonial cases, Probate (of documents), Sexual harassment, Criminal defence, Wills, Trusts, Human Rights, Company Law, Tax etc.

Lawyers associated with this firm appear in the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, New Delhi, High Court of Punjab & Haryana, Chandigarh, all lower Courts of Punjab, District Consumer Courts of Punjab and Union Territory Chandigarh. 

We know that accurate and timely expert advice could mean the difference between losing or winning a case and prevent the public in general from modern tactics. Our perfect and appreciable record speaks for itself where our intimate knowledge and application of the law has turned weak cases into winning ones.

 

Criminal Procedure Code

Criminal procedure refers to the legal process for adjudicating claims that someone has violated criminal law. Currently, in many countries with a democratic system and the rule of law, criminal procedure puts the burden of proof on the prosecution – that is, it is up to the prosecution to prove that the defendant is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt, as opposed to having the defense prove that s/he is innocent, and any doubt is resolved in favor of the defendant. This provision, known as the presumption of innocence, is required, for example, in the 46 countries that are members of the Council of Europe, under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and it is included in other human rights documents. However, in practice it operates somewhat differently in different countries.

Similarly, all such jurisdictions allow the defendant the right to legal counsel and provide any defendant who cannot afford their own lawyer with a lawyer paid for at the public expense (which is in some countries called a “court-appointed lawyer”).

 

Civil procedure Code

The Civil Procedure Code (C.P.C.) is to regulate the functioning of Civil courts. CPC lays down the rules in which a civil court is to function, which may be summed up as follows:

  • Procedure of filing the civil case.
  • Powers of court to pass various orders.
  • Court fees and stamp involved in filing of case.
  • Rights of the parties to a case, viz. plaintiff and defendant
  • Jurisdiction and parameters within which the civil courts should function.
  • Specific rules for proceedings of a case.
  • Right of Appeals, review or reference.
 

Transfer of Property Act

Transfer of property” means an act by which a living person conveys property, in present or in future, to one or more other living persons, or to himself and one or more other living persons; and “to transfer property” is to perform such act.

In this section “living person includes a company or association or body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, but nothing herein contained shall affect any law for the time being in force relating to transfer of property to or by companies, associations or bodies of individuals

 

Hindu Law

Hindu law in its current usage refers to the system of personal laws (i.e., marriage, adoption, inheritance) applied to Hindus, especially in India.[1]Modern Hindu law is thus a part of the law of India established by the Constitution of India (1950). One final definition of Hindu law, or classical Hindu law, brings the realm of legal practice together with the scholastic tradition of Dharmaśāstra by defining Hindu law as a usable label for myriad localized legal systems of classical and medieval India that were influenced by and in turn influenced the Dharmaśāstra tradition. Such local laws never conformed completely to the ideals of Dharmaśāstra, but both substantive and procedural laws of the tradition did impact the practical law, though largely indirectly. It is worth emphasizing that Sanskrit contains no word that precisely corresponds to ‘law’ or religion and that, therefore, the label “Hindu Law” is a modern convenience used to describe this tradition.

This article will briefly review the Hindu law tradition from its conceptual and practical foundations in early India (Classical Hindu Law) through the colonial appropriations of Dharmaśāstra (Anglo-Hindu Law) to the establishment of the modern personal law system (Modern Hindu Law).

 

East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction act (Section 13-B)

The East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act 1949 has been amended by the Punjab Govt. vide Gazette Notification No. 10-Leg/2001 dated 31.5.2001 facilitating return of possession by filing a case before the civil court having powers of Rent Controller in respective jurisdiction. A new section 13B has been inserted and the concession is available only after a period of 5 years from the date of becoming owner. The other terms and conditions are provided in The East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction (Amendment) Act 2001 which came into force with the issue of aforesaid Gazette Notification dated 31.5.2001. Now the NRIs can have possession of their land like members of Armed Forces, by summary procedure. They are required to file case in the court of SDM-cum-Asstt. Collector 1st Grade concerned. This concession is available only in respect of the land acquired or held by a Non-Resident Indian before the commencement of The Punjab Security of Land Tenures (Amendment) Act 1997. This amendment came into effect on 18.12.1997
 

Company Law

Corporate law (also “company” or “corporations” law) is the law of the most dominant kind of business enterprise in the modern world. Corporate law is the study of how shareholders,directors, employees, creditors, and other stakeholders such as consumers, the community and the environment interact with one another under the internal rules of the firm. A major contributor to company law in the UK is the Companies Act 2006.

Corporate law is a part of a broader companies law (or law of business associations). Other types of business associations can include partnerships (in the UK governed by the Partnership Act 1890), or trusts (like a pension fund) or companies limited by guarantee (like some universities or charities). Corporate law is about big business, which has separate legal personality, with limited liability or unlimited liability for its members or shareholders, who buy and sell their stocks depending on the performance of the board of directors. It deals with the firms that are incorporated or registered under the corporate or company law of a sovereign state or their subnational states. The four defining characteristics of the modern corporation are:

The law of business organizations originally derived from the common law of England, but has evolved significantly in the Twentieth century. In common law countries today, the most commonly addressed forms are:

  • Corporation
  • Limited company
  • Unlimited company
  • Limited liability partnership
  • Limited partnership
  • Not-for-profit corporation
  • Partnership
  • Sole proprietorship
 

Taxation Law 

Tax law is the codified system of laws that describes government levies on economic transactions, commonly called taxes. Taxes in India are levied by the Central Government and the State Governments. Some minor taxes are also levied by the local authorities such the Municipality or the Local Council.

The authority to levy a tax is derived from the Constitution of India which allocates the power to levy various taxes between the Centre and the State. An important restriction on this power is Article 265 of the Constitution which states that “No tax shall be levied or collected except by the authority of law.”[1] Therefore each tax levied or collected has to be backed by an accompanying law, passed either by the Parliament or the State Legislature.

Primary taxation issues facing the governments world over include; 

  • taxes on income and wealth (or estates)
  • taxation of capital gains

Tax Law is a complex system which encompasses the large body of laws governing taxation. It includes the payment of taxes to at least four different levels of government and many methods of taxation. Tax law is generated by the federal government, state government, as well as local government, which can include counties, cities, townships, districts, and other municipalities. It also includes regional entities such as school and utility, and transit districts. Tax law is extremely complicated and it changes every year. Its complexity and constant flux is generally due to two factors: the use of the tax code for purposes other than raising revenue, and the feedback process of amending the tax code. While the main intent of the tax law is to provide revenue for the government, the tax code is frequently used for public policy reasons i.e., to achieve social, economic, and political goals.